Lisa R. Brody, Associate Curator of Ancient Art

This shrine is dedicated to the Roman god Mithras, a deity surrounded by mystery due to the secretive nature of its cult. Membership was exclusive to men who underwent initiation rituals akin to those of Yale's secret societies. Nonmembers were strictly prohibited from knowledge of the cult's practices. Consequently, our understanding of its rituals is limited, relying primarily on interpretations of shrine architecture.

It's presumed that ritual banquets occurred, supported by evidence of banqueting in many shrines. Additionally, an altar, not depicted here but evident in excavation photos, suggests offerings and sacrifices were commonplace. The shrine likely featured a domed roof painted blue with gold stars, evoking a celestial ambiance.

Mithras enjoyed popularity among Roman soldiers, with shrines discovered in regions where military garrisons were established, including Italy, Germany, and London. This shrine represents the easternmost discovery to date, albeit with some local variations reflecting Dura and Syrian traditions. Despite these differences, certain iconographic elements, such as the central relief depicting Mithras slaying a bull and zodiac signs adorning the arch above, remain consistent. Other recurring motifs include a dog and a snake positioned in front of the bull, a bird flying behind Mithras, and his billowing cape. Traces of pigment suggest vibrant colors adorned the reliefs, with Mithras himself likely gilded, radiating gold within the shrine.