Old Mill (The Morning Bell)

Artist: Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910)

1871

American Paintings and Sculpture

On view, 2nd floor, American Art before 1900

After the Civil War, economic necessity forced many women to work in factories. In this painting, which depicts the start of a workday, a fashionably dressed young woman, lunch pail in hand, walks up a makeshift ramp and rickety bridge leading to a dark mill. On the right, three chatting women in homespun dresses evoke a sense of rural community in contrast to the solitary figure who probably came from the city. Isolated at the crossroads of the painting, she remains symbolically poised between an agrarian past and the increasingly depersonalized, industrial present.

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

24 × 38 1/8 in. (61 × 96.8 cm)

Credit Line

Bequest of Stephen Carlton Clark, B.A. 1903

Accession Number

1961.18.26

Geography

Made in United States

Culture

American

Period

19th century

Classification

Paintings

Disclaimer

Note: This electronic record was created from historic documentation that does not necessarily reflect the Yale University Art Gallery’s complete or current knowledge about the object. Review and updating of records is ongoing.

Provenance
Albert Warren Kelsey, Belmont(?), Mass.; Mrs. B.H. Wentworth; Stephen Carlton Clark (1882–1960), New York, by 1961; bequeathed to Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Conn., 1961
Bibliography
  • American Art: Selections from the Yale University Art Gallery (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Art Gallery, 2023), 156–57, no. 68, ill.
  • Stephanie L. Herdrich and Sylvia Yount, Winslow Homer: Crosscurrents, exh. cat. (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022), 43, 148, ill.
  • David McCullough, "A Tribute to Helen Cooper," in "Essays in Honor of Helen A. Cooper," special issue, Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin (2015), 16, fig. 1
  • Brian Foss, "Homer Watson and "The Pioneer Mill"," Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales D'histoire De L'art Canadien 33, No. 1 (2012), 60, fig. 8
  • Claire Perry, The Great American Hall of Wonders: Art, Science, and Invention in the Nineteenth Century, exh. cat. (London: Smithsonian American Art Museum, 2011), 38–39, 190, fig. 18
  • Daneen Wardrop, Emily Dickinson and the Labor of Clothing (Durham, N.C.: University of New Hampshire Press, 2009), p. 63, fig. 2.8, ill. plate 16, ill.
  • Helen A. Cooper et al., Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: American Art from the Yale University Art Gallery, exh. cat. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Art Gallery, 2008), 248–49, no. 141, ill.
  • Angela L. Miller et al., American Encounters: Art, History, and Cultural Identity (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2008), 294, fig. 9.14
  • Nicholas Fox Weber, The Clarks of Cooperstown: Their Singer Sewing Machine Fortune, Their Great and Influential Art Collections, Their Forty-Year Feud (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), ill.
  • Barbara Novak, Voyages of the Self: Pairs, Parallels, and Patterns in American Art and Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 83, fig. 5.3
  • Barbara Novak, American Painting of the Nineteenth Century (New York: Harper & Row, 2007), 139, fig. 10.1
  • Michael Conforti et al., The Clark Brothers Collect: Impressionist and Early Modern Paintings, exh. cat. (Williamstown, Mass.: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2006), 160, 238–39, 316, 330, fig. 178
  • Susan B. Matheson, Art for Yale: A History of the Yale University Art Gallery (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Art Gallery, 2001), 156, 159, fig. 152
  • Stephen Carlton Clark, A Collector's Taste: A Benefit Exhibition of Paintings; Selections from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Stephen C. Clark for the Benefit of the Fresh Air Association of St. John, exh. cat. (New York: M. Knoedler & Co., 1954), 21–22, no. 22
Object copyright
No Copyright - United States
Additional information

Object/Work type

allegories, animal art, figures (representations), human figures (visual works)

Subject

bonnets (hats) bridges (built works) dogs (animals) dresses trees women

Signed

Signed lower right "Winslow Homer"

Technical metadata and APIs

IIIF

Open in Mirador

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