Dried Salmon with a Quiver
Artist: Totoya Hokkei (Japanese, 1780–1850)
late 1810s
魚屋北渓 乾鮭と破魔弓 江戸時代 Fish and shellfish were bountiful in Japan, but while salmon had been abundant in Ezo (present-day Hokkaido), the northernmost island of Japan, it was relatively new to the Japanese diet in the Edo period. Both the dried salmon and miniature quiver seen in this print are associated with the New Year; salmon is often prepared as part of a luxurious celebratory meal, and a quiver purchased at a shrine “clears the evil spell” and helps usher in a happy year. The poems on the print are loaded with puns and references to cultural practices of the time. The first poem seems to indicate that the miniature quiver set was presented to a family’s firstborn son. Gauffrage is only lightly used, on the salmon’s body, but the coloring shows sophistication, with exquisite line drawings and the subtle rendering of the fish in silvery blue.
- Medium
-
Surimono, shikishi-ban; polychrome woodblock print with gold and silver pigment and gauffrage
- Dimensions
-
sheet: 8 1/8 × 7 3/16 in. (20.7 × 18.2 cm)
- Credit Line
-
Gift of Virginia Shawan Drosten and Patrick Kenadjian, B.A. 1970
- Accession Number
-
2020.54.1
- Geography
-
Associated place: Japan
- Culture
- Period
- Classification
- Disclaimer
-
Note: This electronic record was created from historic documentation that does not necessarily reflect the Yale University Art Gallery’s complete or current knowledge about the object. Review and updating of records is ongoing.
Provenance
Provenance
Hayashi Tadamasa (1853–1906) (2 seals), Paris, France. Eugene Biederman. Acquired by Joan B. Mirviss (dealer), New York; sold to Virginia Shawan Drosten and Patrick Kenadjian, Koenigstein im Taunus, Germany, 2009 (on loan to the Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Conn., 2017–2020); given to the Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Conn., 2020Bibliography
- Sadako Ohki and Adam Haliburton, The Private World of Surimono: Japanese Prints from the Virginia Shawan Drosten and Patrick Kenadjian Collection (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Art Gallery, 2020), 93–95, no. 21, ill.
- Helena Markus, Surimono: stampe augurali nel Giappone del '700 e '800, exh. cat. (Florence: M.L. Giusti, 1983)
Object copyright
Additional information
Object/Work type
Subject
Marks
Three collector's seals: Hayashi Tadamasa (two seals) (circular, relief, red ink) (top right, bottom right and bottom left).Inscriptions
Poem 1: Hōrai Kamemaru:The first-born month of the year
springs forth from the labors
of the vernal goddess Sao,
swift as an arrow and
shrouded in the new year's mists.
Poem 2: Hōrai Kamemaru:
Unpaid debts
sting worse than searing pains
in a bowed back,
with debt collectors needling you
for their cure for having been burned.
Poem 3: Sairaikyo:
Spring comes down,
following in the wake of boats
packed with dried salmon
from the eastern hinterlands,
to Great Edo.
Poem 1: 蓬莱亀丸 Hōrai Kamemaru
さ本姫の 介さうみ出す 太郎月 者やめ*尓かゝる 初霞可南
Saohime no/ kesa umi idasu/ Tarōzuki/ hayame* ni kakaru/ hatsu gasumi kana
*hayame 早め could mean "early" as well as "ha yame" ”速い矢目” meaning swift arrow to inroduce the image of the miniature set of bow and arrows.
Poem 2: (the same poet as the above)
借錦盤 灸より徒らき としの腰(年残し) 阿つきお可多**も 大可多そきく
shakkin wa/ kyū yori tsuraki/ toshi no koshi/ atsuki ogata** mo/ ōkata zo kiku
(For reference only: Aged hip or the passing year with debt is harder than moxibustion. In general hot "person" (atsuki okata)** can work into it.)
**pun with "ogata" meaning the section of the shaft of an arrow that is capped with an arrowhead called 箆(hi).
Poem 3: 西来居 Sairaikyo
から鮭の 舟につゝきて ひん可しの 蝦夷よりきぬる 大江戸の春
karazake*no/ fune ni tsuzuki te/ hingashi no/ Ezo yori kinuru/ Ōedo no haru
*karazake 乾鮭 means the salmon without its intestine plainly dried (shiraboshi 素乾)in the air (without smoking or any other means)
Notes:
*佐保姫(さほひめ):春の女神である。元は佐保山の神霊であり、948年の『陽成院一宮姫君歌合』では秋の歌に登場している。『記紀』における狭穂姫(沙本毘売)とは同名であることから混同される事があるが無関係。五行説では春は東の方角にあたり、平城京の東に佐保山(現在の奈良県法華寺町法華町)があるためにそこに宿る神霊佐保姫を春の女神と呼ぶようになった。白く柔らかな春霞の衣をまとう若々しい女性と考えられ、この名は春の季語であり和菓子の名前にも用いられている。 竜田山の神霊で秋の女神竜田姫と対を成す女神。竜田姫が裁縫や染めものを得意とする神であるため、対となる佐保姫も染めものや機織を司る女神と位置づけられ古くから信仰を集めている。古来その絶景で名高い竜田山の紅葉は竜田姫が染め、佐保山を取り巻く薄衣のような春霞は佐保姫が織り出すものと和歌に歌われる。
*太郎月(たろうづき):正月の異名。
*Transcription by Sadako Ohki and Yumi Koga, 3-6-2017 & revised 2-6-2018.
Signed
Hokkei (at bottom left)Three round seals are all of Hayashi Tadamasa 林忠正 .
Round seals in relief: Bottom left 林; top right and bottom right are 林忠
Technical metadata and APIs
- IIIF
-
The International Image Interoperability Framework, or IIIF, is an open standard for delivering high-quality, attributed digital objects online at scale. Visit iiif.io to learn more
- Linked Art
-
Linked Art is a Community working together to create a shared Model based on Linked Open Data to describe Art.